About 300 National Guard troops have arrived in Los Angeles on orders from President Donald Trump, staging outside a federal complex that remained largely quiet and without major protests following two days of clashes with immigration authorities.
The deployment marked the first time in six decades that a state's national guard was activated without a request from its governor, according to the Brennan Center for Justice.
On Sunday morning local time, some of the troops were stationed outside the Metropolitan Detention Center in downtown LA, dressed in tactical gear and holding long guns in front of armoured vehicles.
Footage showed at least a half dozen military-style vehicles and riot shields at the building on Sunday, with federal law enforcement firing gas canisters to disperse demonstrators protesting against the ICE crackdown.
A small number of protesters gathered at the scene, along with Republican Maxine Waters, a Democrat, who demanded entry to the facility.
The arrival of the National Guard followed two days of protests that began on Friday in downtown LA before spreading on Saturday to Paramount, a heavily Latino area south-east of the city, and neighbouring Compton.
As federal agents set up a staging area on Saturday near a Home Depot in Paramount, demonstrators sought to block Border Patrol vehicles, with some hurling rocks and chunks of cement.
In response, agents in riot gear unleashed tear gas, flash-bang explosives and pepper balls.
Tensions were high after a series of sweeps by immigration authorities the previous day, as the week-long tally of immigrant arrests in the city climbed past 100.
A prominent union leader was arrested while protesting and accused of impeding law enforcement.
California condemns federal response as overreach The deployment of the National Guard came over the objections of California Governor Gavin Newsom, who accused Mr Trump of a "complete overreaction" designed to create a spectacle of force.
In a directive on Saturday, Mr Trump invoked a legal provision allowing him to deploy federal service members when there is "a rebellion or danger of a rebellion against the authority of the Government of the United States".
Political divide widens Republicans and Democrats traded barbs on Sunday in the wake of the president's National Guard deployment.
Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders said the order by Mr Trump reflected "a president moving this country rapidly into authoritarianism" and "usurping the powers of the United States Congress". Mr Newsom called Mr Trump on Friday night and they spoke for about 40 minutes, according to the governor's office.
It was not clear whether they spoke on Saturday or Sunday.
There was some confusion surrounding the exact timing of the guard's arrival. Shortly before midnight local time, Mr Trump congratulated the National Guard on a "job well done".
But less than an hour later, Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass said troops had yet to arrive in the city.
Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem said on Sunday that the purpose of the deployment was to "provide security for operations and to make sure that there are peaceful protests".
The troops included members of the 79th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, according to a social media post from the Department of Defense.
In a signal of the administration's aggressive approach, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth also threatened to deploy active-duty Marines "if violence continues" in the region.
House Speaker Mike Johnson, a staunch Trump ally, endorsed the president's move, doubling down on Republicans' criticisms of California Democrats.
"Gavin Newsom has shown an inability or an unwillingness to do what is necessary, so the president stepped in," Mr Johnson said.
Democratic senator Cory Booker condemned Mr Trump for deploying troops without California's approval, warning it would only escalate tensions.
On NBC's Meet the Press he accused Mr Trump of hypocrisy, and noted the president's inaction on January 6, 2021 when thousands of his supporters raided the US Capitol and his subsequent pardons for those arrested.
The protests against the raids have become the latest focal point in a national debate over immigration, protest rights, and the use of federal force in domestic affairs.
It also has fuelled discussion on the boundaries of presidential power and the public's right to dissent.
[AP/Reuters]
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