The growth of South Korea's population this year will be the slowest rate ever recorded, despite efforts to boost it.
About 360,000 babies will be born, leading to concern over the effect of an ageing population on the economy.
Officials blame rising youth unemployment.
But couples say the rising cost of living, including housing and soaring education prices, means that having a large family is not an option.
BBC reports say women have additional concerns over weak maternity‑leave policies and a stubborn resistance by men to help with the housework.
It is the first time the number of births in a year has fallen below 400,000.
South Korea has spent about $US70bn trying to boost the country's birth rate over the past decade, handing out baby bonuses, improving paternity leave and paying for infertility treatment.
Officials fear that a low birth rate could reduce the number of people in the workforce and drive up welfare costs for the increasing elderly population, undermining the potential for economic growth.
Source: BBC
