A masked Kylian Mbappe scored his first-ever Euros goal but France were held to a 1-all draw by an already-eliminated Poland to finish second in Group D.
France needed all three points in order to seal top spot, but Robert Lewandowski's 79th-minute penalty prevented this.
Austria produced a fantastic display to beat the Netherlands 3-2 and top the group, while the Dutch took third place.
The runner-up in Group E awaits France, who now occupy the same half of the draw as Portugal, Spain and Germany.
In other matches this morning, England has topped Group C and progressed to the knockout stages after a nil all draw against Slovenia while Denmark has also progressed after a goalless draw against Serbia.
Source: BBC Sports
